The the 2015-16 campaign, Dortmund started off in a positive manner with a 4-0 win over Borussia Monchengladbach on the first day. Then, they won five straight wins that saw them rise up to the summit of the Bundesliga. In the 8th gameday, they were overtaken by Bayern Munich following an unlucky draw against the 1899 season at Hoffenheim. Dortmund maintained their winning streak and won 24 of 34 league matches and becoming the most successful Bundesliga runners-up team ever. In the Europa League, they advanced to the quarter-finals, getting knocked out by a Jurgen Klopp-led Liverpool with a stunning comeback victory at Anfield where defensive defender Dejan Lovren scored a last-minute goal to win the game 4-3 for the Reds and 5-4 in aggregate. For the year 2015-16 DFB-Pokal this year, for the third consecutive year, Dortmund reached the final however, they the team lost to Bayern Munich on penalties.
On April 11, 2017 three explosions were reported close to the bus of the team in the route to an Champions League match against AS Monaco at the Signal Iduna Park. The team's defender Marc Bartra was injured and was taken to the hospital. Dortmund lost the game by a score of 2-3 in the final to AS Monaco. Manager of Dortmund, Thomas Tuchel blamed the loss on due to an inexperienced decision made by UEFA. UEFA said that the team had no opposition to playing and the decision was taken in accordance with the club's rules and the local police. In the second game, Dortmund went on to defeat 1-3, leaving the overall score at 3-6, being eliminated from the UEFA Champions League. The 26th of April saw Dortmund lost to Bayern Munich 3-2 in Munich to qualify for the 2017 DFB-Pokal Final which was Dortmund's fourth consecutive final, and fifth in the past six seasons. On May 27, Dortmund won the DFB-Pokal of 2016-17 by a 2-1 margin against Eintracht Frankfurt with the winning goal resulted from a penalty, which was which was scored by Pierre-Emerick aubameyang..
Prior to the start of the 2017-18 season Thomas Tuchel stepped down as manager. The Dortmund board took the decision to appoint Peter Bosz as the new head coach and manager. While Bosz started off with an impressive start in the team's initial 7 games, the next seven were 20 games with no wins and Bosz was let go of the position of staff. Peter Stoger was appointed interim coach. The January period of the same season Aubameyang as well as Bartra both quit the club. Stoger bought Manuel Akanji of FC Basel for a fee of EUR21.5 million and Michy Batshuayi on a six-month loan from Chelsea. Stoger was the manager of Dortmund throughout the remainder of the season, giving them a fourth-place finish the Bundesliga before quitting at the close this season. Michy Batshuayi also returned to Chelsea.
This summer Dortmund was appointed by the former OGC Nice coach, Lucien Favre as their head coach and manager. After a very hectic transfer period for the team which saw eight new players join in the club's first team, Dortmund performed strongly, in pursuit of Bayern Munich for the title right up to the final day of the game which narrowly missed the title by just two points, and also granting Lucien Favre an extension to his contract. Four-part Amazon Prime Video documentary series was made in the same year that was titled "Inside Borussia Dortmund".
The following season Dortmund did a couple of big name signings with the intention to win their first Bundesliga title. Even though they won their first DFL Supercup, this was the only trophy they won this season. After a rocky start in the campaign, they switched their approach and made a couple of transfers during the January Window. They were eliminated both the DFB-Pokal as well as the UEFA Champions League as well. Because of the COVID-19 virus that was sweeping Germany the season was cut short abruptly. When the season reopened, Dortmund looked better but their performance was not enough to keep the dominant Bayern Munich side from grasping the Bundesliga title. They ended the 2019-20 season in second place , after defeating RB Leipzig in matchweek 33 thanks to a brace scored by Erling Haaland.
Dortmund began off with an uncertain start in the season 2020-21. They were eliminated from the DFL-Supercup, and suffered a mixed series of results for the Champions League and the Bundesliga. After a humiliating 5-1 loss to Stuttgart on Matchday 11 Lucien Favre was relieved of his manager tasks. Manager assistant Edin Terzic was named the caretaker for the remainder of the campaign. With Terzic, Dortmund finished third on the final day in the Bundesliga and were eliminated in the quarterfinals of the Champions League in a clash against Manchester City. Dortmund then went on to take home the DFB-Pokal, defeating RB Leipzig 4-1 in the final. Marco Rose was appointed manager for the 2021-22 campaign, with Terzic being appointed the club's new technical director.